KERFBY KINETIC CARVING
Knowledge · Education · Reference · Foundation
Return to Kinetic Carving
LightburnModule 2.7~3 min read

Image Modes & Dithering

Lightburn ships eleven image-rendering modes available on every controller, plus a twelfth (3D Sliced) exclusive to the galvo edition. Pick wrong and your photo looks like a smudge. Pick right and a stainless dog tag looks like a magazine print.

The eleven universal modes (exact UI labels)

ModeWhat it doesBest for
ThresholdPure black/white cutoff at a chosen brightness level. No grays. Has a Ramp Length option for soft edges.High-contrast logos, line art, sharp graphics.
OrderedBayer pattern dither, predictable repeating grid of dots.Stylized retro look. Rarely the best choice for photos.
AtkinsonError-diffusion dither, classic Mac look. Lighter overall, fewer dots in shadows.Stylized prints, vintage posters.
DitherStandard Floyd-Steinberg dither. (Yes, the menu literally says "Dither.")General-purpose photos. Solid default.
StuckiError-diffusion dither, smoother gradients than Floyd-Steinberg.Photos with lots of midtones; portraits.
JarvisJarvis-Judice-Ninke dither. Smoothest gradients of the error-diffusion family.Photos on metal, the community-standard for fiber photo engraving.
NewsprintDiagonal-line halftone style.Comic / vintage newspaper aesthetic.
HalftoneDot halftone with adjustable Cells per Inch and Halftone Angle. Like print magazines.Pop-art / Lichtenstein style; comic effects.
SketchLine-art conversion, turns a photo into a vector-style sketch.Stylized portraits, fast engrave times.
GrayscalePer-pixel power modulation between Power Min and Power Max based on pixel brightness.Continuous-tone surface marking on flat materials.
Pass-ThroughDisables Lightburn's internal resampling. Image is sent to the controller as-is, at the image's own DPI.Pre-dithered images you've prepared in Photoshop; sending exact pixel-for-pixel control.
THRESHOLDsource imagewhat the laser burnslaser fully on or fully offEvery pixel is forced to burned oruntouched. Best for logos and text.DITHER · JARVIS, STUCKIsource imagewhat the laser burnsstill on or off, but in dotsDot density fakes the grays, so itworks on any material. Best for photos.GRAYSCALEsource imagewhat the laser burnspower changes pixel by pixelTrue shading, but only on materialsthat darken evenly with power.
A laser burns or it does not, so photos need a trick. Threshold gives up on grays, dithering fakes them with dot density, and Grayscale changes the power itself.

The galvo-specific bonus: 3D Sliced

Lightburn galvo edition adds 3D Sliced mode, the magic for relief coin work. Slices the depth-map image into discrete depth layers, engraves each at decreasing power for layered depth, without needing a live Z axis. See Relief Coin Engraving for the full workflow.

Dither comparison: which to pick

  • Sharp edges, no gradient: Threshold.
  • Photo on stainless / anodized AL: Jarvis or Stucki. Jarvis has slightly smoother gradients; Stucki engraves slightly faster.
  • Photo on wood (CO2): Stucki. The wood's natural grain interacts well with its dot pattern.
  • Stylized poster look: Atkinson.
  • Vintage / comic / pop art: Newsprint or Halftone.

Common image-mode settings

DPI (Dots Per Inch)Resolution of the engrave. 254, 318, 423, 508, 635, 1016 are the round-mm-equivalent values. 318 DPI = 0.08 mm interval. 1016 DPI = 0.025 mm interval.
Line IntervalSame control as DPI but in mm. Lightburn keeps them synced.
Negative ImageInverts black/white before processing.
Number of PassesRepeat the image engrave N times.
Z OffsetPer-image Z shift.
Bi-directional ScanningDefault ON. Turn off for highest-quality fine detail.
Scan AngleEngrave direction in degrees. 0° = horizontal.
Angle IncrementRotates scan angle slightly per pass, spreads scan-line artifacts so they don't read as bands.
Dot Width CorrectionBeam-width compensation.
OverscanningGCode-only. Extends scan past edges for clean acceleration.

The "Adjust Image" tool: pre-engrave tuning

Right-click an image → Adjust Image. Per-image tuning without editing the source file:

  • Brightness / Contrast.
  • Gamma.
  • Sharpen / Unsharp Mask.
  • Apply preset presets per material type.

This is a non-destructive layer over your original, adjusting it doesn't touch the file on disk.

Workflow for photos on metal
Convert to grayscale in Photoshop → adjust levels (anchor pure black + pure white) → unsharp mask → export at final coin size at 300+ DPI → drop into Lightburn → image mode Jarvis → DPI 1016 (= 0.025 mm) → run on stainless at speed 3000-4000, power 10-20%, freq 30-60 kHz, pulse 2-4 ns, defocus +1.5 mm.

Verified against LightBurn 2.x. Source: LightBurn official docs. CutSettingsEditor / ImageMode, Collections / LightBurnForGalvos (3D Sliced), Adjust Image tool.